Three scales, one number
Weather reports in the US use Fahrenheit. Most of the rest of the world uses Celsius. Scientists use Kelvin. If you've ever read an oven temperature in a foreign recipe or checked the forecast for a trip, you've needed to switch.
Type a value into any of the three boxes and the other two update right away. The formula used is shown too, so you can do it by hand if you ever need to.
The formulas
Celsius to Fahrenheit: multiply by 9/5, then add 32. So 20 C is 68 F. Fahrenheit to Celsius: subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9. So 98.6 F gives 37 C, which is normal body temperature.
Kelvin is simple. Add 273.15 to Celsius. A Kelvin degree is the same size as a Celsius degree, only the zero point differs. 0 C is 273.15 K.
- Water freezes at 0 C, 32 F, 273.15 K
- Water boils at 100 C, 212 F, 373.15 K at sea level
- Absolute zero is -273.15 C, -459.67 F, 0 K
A mental shortcut
For a rough Celsius to Fahrenheit guess, double the number and add 30. 20 C gives 70, close to the true 68. It drifts at extremes but it's fine for deciding on a jacket.
Here's a fun fact. At -40 degrees the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales agree. -40 C equals -40 F. It's the only point where they meet.
What Kelvin is for
Kelvin starts at absolute zero, the coldest anything can get, where particles have almost no motion. That makes it the natural scale for physics and chemistry, because there are no negative values, and formulas like the gas law work directly.
You don't say degrees with Kelvin. It's just 300 kelvin.
Real-life uses
Cooking is the big one. 350 F is about 175 C, and 400 F is about 200 C. Many ovens round, so being a few degrees off won't ruin dinner. Fever checks matter more: 100.4 F, or 38 C, is the usual line for fever in adults.
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Cooking, weather and fever
Oven dials are where most people hit this. A recipe from a British or Australian site may list Celsius or a gas mark, while your oven shows Fahrenheit. 180 degrees C is 356 F, and most ovens treat 350 as the match. That small gap rarely hurts a cake.
Weather is the other big one. Travelling from the US to Europe, a forecast of 25 means a warm summer day, and in Fahrenheit the same number means a cold coat day. Knowing a few anchors saves you.
Body temperature needs care. A normal reading sits near 37 C, or 98.6 F. A fever is usually counted from about 38 C, or 100.4 F. If the number worries you, call a doctor and don't rely on a converter.
Anchor points to remember
You don't need the formula every time. Memorize a handful and estimate between them.
- 0 C is 32 F, the freezing point of water
- 10 C is 50 F, a cool spring day
- 20 C is 68 F, a comfortable room
- 30 C is 86 F, properly hot
- 100 C is 212 F, water boils at sea level
Where people slip
Negative values trip people up. -40 is the one place where Celsius and Fahrenheit meet, and it's a handy check on any formula you write. If your code gives anything else at -40, the formula is wrong.
Also watch for temperature differences. A change of 10 C is a change of 18 F, not 50 F. You only add the 32 when converting a reading, never when converting a gap between two readings.
Kelvin has no degree sign and no negatives. Treat it as a count from absolute zero.